NGAL has a molecular weight of about 25 kDa. NGAL is expressed at a low level in normal kidney tissues. When exposed to nephrotoxic substances or ischemic injury occurs, a large amount of NGAL accumulates in cortical renal tubules, blood and urine, and NG

Retinol-binding protein is a protein involved in the transport of vitamin A in blood, synthesized by the liver and widely distributed in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and other body fluids.

Cystatin C (CysC) is an alkaline non-glycated protein with molecular weight of 13 KDa produced by most nucleated cells in a constant manner, independent of any external factors such as gender, age, diet

Urinary microalbumin (MAU), a non-glycosylated albumin with a molecular weight of 6.9 kD, is one of the smallest protein molecules that glomerular filtration membranes can pass through, accounting for 40% of the total filtered protein.Almost all of the gl